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Water, war and peace

IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Exercises:

1. «What disputes» go hand in hand «with water — related tensions? (1,8-9)

a)_____________, b)______________,

c)_____________.

2. Explain and find synonyms for «go hand in hand»(l,8 ) _______________,«to come under pressure»(l 1)

(1,18)_____________, «explicit discussion»(2,22)

________________, «to fight over»( 1,12, 13)

3. Skimming. Skim Box l"Water and the Middle East Peace Talks» and 1) find out a)what kind of talks are held between different countries________________________

b) What are their official aims________________

2)Name a) five separate working groups:

____________________________________________________________________________

 

b) four sets of multilateral water negotiations:

_____________________________________________________________________________

 

c) separate independent, unofficial discussions

_____________________________________________________________________________

4) Scanning. Scan Box 2 «Conflict over water in the myths, legends and ancient history of the Middle East» and say what are the most intriguing legends or myths from your point of view, when they took place and why you are interested in them.

5) Para.6. is about «the most pressing water conflicts in the MiddleEast». Where are they centered?

 

The Water Resources (II).

6. What are the major shared surface water supplies in the Middle East (II,2) and how do problems of water quality affect the region(II,4,95)

Climate Changes (III).

7. Lines 109-124 (III,1) mention that «climate change could either increase or decrease overall water availability» and «... even slight decreases in long term water availability would place severe political strains on the region». Prove these statements.

Reducing Conflicts over Water (IV).

8. Give a definition of «equitable utilization»(IV,l,151) Where in the worlds is there a similar water situation?

New Supplies(V).

9.List different ways of increasing water supplies:

______________________________________________________________________

 

10. Skim the passage and point out all the pros and cons of each new source of supply from the authors point of view.

Politics and International Law(VI)

11. Para. VI,( 1,270-274) different factors affecting the successful negotiations «are included».Name them:

a.

b.

c.

d.

What were the previous attempts (para. VI,3)? What can reduce the risk of conflicts over water (para VI,4,325, 326)?

Toward Peace and Cooperation (VII)

12. On Para. VII,2 four «enormous differences» among the parties are suggested concerning access to water.

What are these differences?

1.

2.

3.

4.

13. «Some of the goals...» (VII, 3, 376). What goals is the writer referring to?

14. List the vocabulary connected with the solution of the problems.

 


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