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11.2. aapaype pooca

Ocoeoc opaa yco pya paox aapaypx poocax. Aapaype poecc ocyecc ceax aapaax (eax, peaopax, ao-aax, aax . .) ye oec a pee pya eoo, xeco epeco epe. B oe o exaecx poecco, p oopx ec paep, opa e peea pya, aapaypx poeccax oyaec poy, oac o cp o xecoy cocay apeaoy coco.

B acoc o pea pao exooecoo oopyoa o pee aapaype poecc paec a cpee epepe.

ucpeme poecc ocyecc pepo paoax aapaax. apya cp pya ooo aoo aapaa poy pooc o pe eo ocao. ee oppoa pya e a a cpex aapaypx poecco. epe xapaepyc ooceo eoo eoc oepa (o eco cey o 1 ). Aapa ocyac ae cero o oco pao, paoee eco orpaeo cpaeo eouo oa. pepo ax poecco ec rooee e acacc a peccax ex aax. B epaype poecc aa oo ec poecca c eoo eoc oepa. cpee aapaype poecc opooa xapaepyc oo eoc exooecx oepa (opa ecox aco). Tpyoe pe o ee poecca oc ec a p ocaoe aapao, a o pe x pao. Kaa exooeca aa poecca oec, a pao, prao paox. p o oeco paox, ax a pax aax, oe cyeceo oeac. Haoee oeco paox ao . ecoe oopyoae x poocax aae aey oa, o opeee oy oy paoero eca.

Henpepe aapaype poecc ocyecc epepo paoax aapaax eee eoo epoa pee (oy pooac ee, eca). arpya cp pya ooo poy e pepa yy aapae pea. Bce apa pee, cae c eee epepx poecco, epepac aapayp . K a poecca oocc, apep, apa cea pooce epoa.

Poc ypo aoaa aapaypx poecco ee coepae pya paox. x oco y caoc aee a apaepa exooecoo poecca, peypoae, oop po aopaopx aao, oee eoxox paceo. B aapaypx poocax ocoe peoa pec aeoc ypae exooec . Heoxooc cpoo eaeca xo pea p ooex apaepo cyae oe pee eae py paox aapaypx poeccax ape. p o apeoc pya caa c yeee e eco apy, a, a pao, yceo, oycoeo eoxooc occe ox exooecx cya, p pee aco paae cpo.

Beee eoopx aapaypx poecco cao co pooac eeca, c ocyae aapao, paoax o o aee, p cox eepaypax. ooy ecoepeeoe eaeco p apye opaoo xoa poecca oe pe cyae coa ypoy paoax.

ae ocoeoc yco pya paox aapaypx poeccax o yac p oppoa apa pee ceoc epcoaa.

Hoppoae pya poocax c eoo eoc oepa cao pee ceo c ycaoee oeca aapao, ocyaex o pao pao, op pee, cooecyx opa ocya. B c c eoa oppoa pya ocox epax e oaec o oeo e eo oppoa- oocaox pao.

p ope eoa ycaoe op pya o y . Ec aapaypo-coooe pe pe aoc paox a oo aapae ory cac paec oco ea, o opa ocya oe ycaoea cxo ee peapeoo ae, opeeeoo o opye:

 

e t aapaypo-coooe pe; t pe aoc paoeo a oo aapae.

yx apao, oyaex opyee e y ey copo, paec oa o eoe, oeo 11.1.

B poocex cceax, e xapaepc cce ocya oopyoa e cyecee oea, apep p ocya ex a pecco cecap, epa, paa . ., op pya ceye ycaaa a ocoe eop accooo ocya. p o paecx paceax o cooac a (c 9.4).

Hoppoae pya aapaypx poocax c oo eoc oepa. Oe yca poy x poeccax eocpeceo ac o eoc exooecoo a, ooy opaee o eoxooy pooceoy peyay oo pa a:

 

e T (X) eoc exooecoro a acoc o op ceoc; T. eoc exooecoo a, p oopo ye oecee yc aaoo oea poy. o e opaee oe paeo cxo ca exooecx o, eoxox oecee yca aaoo oea poy a cex aapaax aoo yaca (exa):

 

r n eoxooe oeco exooecx o, oeceaee yc aaoo oea poy co cex aapao a ao epo.

Ta a yc ooo aoo aapaa poy c ooo aapaa a o exooec oo ca paec ocoo eo, o oeco o, eoxox oecee yca aaoro oea poy, oe opeeeo o opye:

 

e q oeco poy, oyaeo c ooo aapaa a o exooec .

Ta opao, aaa ycaoe op ceoc epoecx aapaypx poeccax c oo pooeoc epoa oe copypoaa ceye e: a ay opy ceoc, p oopo ye oecee yc aaoo oea poy aae cpo, apya aoo paoeo, eyeo exooec poecc, e pec oyco e, a apa a coepae paox yy a.

Oa apa op ceoc paccapaex poocax ycaaaec a ocoe ocpoe paa pao aapao paox.

B epepx aapaypx poeccax aooe aae o ycy poy ye oeo p coe op exooecoro pea, . e. oa peaepyee apaep exooecoo poecca yy axoc oycx peeax. p pox pax ycox aeoc poecca pace c yeee ceoc aapao.

p oa op ceoc epepx poocax o coac opae o oycoy pee perypoa apaepo exooecoro poecca. opae opee yco, p oopx ocrac eoxo oe aeco poy.

Bop oao op ceoc epepx poeccax cooec c ycaoe opae (c. 9.4) pep oaoc ocyecec a ocoe pacea apy paox oee ocox ooex y. aep oe ocox y eocpeceo a oe yca poy ee ae-co, a pe cyae apyee exoecoo peaea -a ecoepeeoc oe ocox y oe pec coa aapx cya. ooee y oy oe epo, oa paoe coo o ocox y, .e. cpo oe ooex y cpoo e peaepoa. o oocc a paoa, a yopa paoeo eca, pe cp, yaoox aepao a ceyy cey, aoee aoo-yeo oyea . .

Ocoe y paox a a a oepa: peaepoae epeaepoae. K peaemupoa oocc pyoe oepa, aao ooae oopx apaee opeee peaeo exooecoo poecca, apep apya cp aapa, oop po, x aa, ac exooecx apaepo ypa . . K epeaemupoa oocc pyoe oepa, oycoee cya ooe o opaoo pea poea exooecoo poecca. Tae oepa peca oo ao, cyax cyae oe pee. epooc pooeoc epeaepoax oepa apaee eec. aepa oe epeaepoax oepa, a e a peraepoax, e a oe ycaeo poy, ee aeco oe pec aapo cya.

eee pyox oepa a peaepoae, epeaepoae ooee ooe oee oo ycao ec oe pyox oepa, oop o-e oe pao oecee opaoro xoa exooecoro poecca.

B cooec c pa a y paox, eyx epep aapayp poecc, opa x ceoc H oa yoeop coooe:

e pacea ceoc paox, ax oee cex o pyox oepa o ee exooecoo poecca eee ce; , pacea cpe ceoc paox, ax oee cooeceo peaepoax epeaepoax oepa eee ce; pacea cpe ceoc paox, ax oee ooex y ee .

Bea opeeec o opye:

 

e pe oe cex peaepoax pyox oepa eee ce.

opeee aoc paox oee epeaepoax oepa eoxoo ycao cpeee oeco ao a ocyae (λ), ocyax ey pee, cpeee oeco ao, oope oy oe ey pee o pao (), ceoc paox, ocoo ax oee epeaepoax oepa, oe opeeea coooe:

 

Ta a ooe aep oe epeaepoax oepa oy oe a coo coae aapx cya, yeuee oea yca poy, yxyee e aeca, epepacxo cp, o pa ceoc paox, eoxox oe epeaepoax oepa, oa oocoaa cooec c opae o oyco pee oa ocya W.

Cpeee pe oa ocya ocye a aoo apaa po ceoc oe opeeeo o oopae (pc. 11.2.1) acoc o ceoc paox, eoxox oe epeaepoax oepa, cpeeo oea aoc paox oee ax oepa (φ). Hoopaa paccaa a ocoe eop accooo ocya.

Hapep, p λ = 3 peoa/ = 2 peoa/, =3:2=1,5. B ao cyae pa ceoc M e oe eue yx eoe. Toa M = 2; φ =/ = 1,5/2 = 0,75 W = 1,5 (o oopae). Oca (ya, o = 2) W = 1,5 : 2 = 0,75 .

oyeoe cpeee pe oa ocya ocye a p ao ceoc M poepec o oycoy pee oa. Ec Wg = 0,2 , o aoe opaee e ec. o ye pe oa oe ocye a a ocyae, eoxoo ye ceoc paox, ocyax exooec poecc, opee ooe aee cpeeo pee oa o oopae. B ao pepe p M = 3 φ= 1,5/3 = 0,5, W = 0,18, W = 0,18 : 2 = 0,09.

Ceoaeo, o cyae opaee o oycoy pee oa oec (W < 0,2), o oeceae eoxoy aeoc exoorecoo poecca.

 

 

Cpeee oeco paox, ax eee ce oee ooex y, oe pacca

 

e T pe oe ooex y e . Ta opao, cxo aoc paox oee cex o pyox oepa eee ce, eoxox oecee opaoo xoa exooecoo poecca, oe ycaoea oa ceoc paox, ocyax ay exooecy ca, oeee.

poepa opae o acao oycoy epoy pee oa apaepo, xo oopx oycx peeo oe pec coa aapx cya, ocyecec p ycaoe ooaeo ceoc paox c yeo ocoeoce exoorecoro poecca, opraa pya a opeo yace, pacooe oopyoa, opoo-epex popo, cpec craa . .


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