Название: ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА Морфология. Синтаксис

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Should

§ 161. Historically should was the past form of shall and both the forms expressed obligation. But in present-day English they have developed different meanings and are treated as two different verbs.

Should followed by the non-perfect infinitive may be used with reference to the present and future and is not changed in reported speech.

You should be more careful.

Вам следует быть внимательнее.

I told him he should be more careful.

Should is nearly always interchangeable with ought to, as their meanings coincide.

It expresses:

1. Moral obligation, moral duty, which may not be fulfilled. Should is found in this sense in all kinds of sentences. However ought to is preferable in this sense:

All students should submit their work by present date (but some of them don’t).                                 

Студенты должны сдать работу к сегодняшнему дню.

Private firearms should be banned. Личное оружиеследует запретить.

Не should phone his parents tonight, but lie probably won’t have time.

Он должен позвонить, но, вероятно, у него не будет времени на это.

If you see anything strange you should call the police.

Если ты увидишь что-то странное, ты должен вызвать полицию.

When used in the negative form should denotes a weakened prohibition, more like negative advice.

He shouldn’t be so impatient.

When combined with the perfect infinitive should denotes criticism, faultfinding; the statement indicates that something desirable has not been done.

Your shoes are wet. You should have stayed at home.

You should have put more sugar in the pie. It isn’t sweet enough.

He hasn’t brought the book back, though he should have brought it last week.

A negative statement indicates that something wrong has been done.

You shouldn’t have done that. It was stupid.

(Вам не следовало это делать).

They should never have married. They are so unhappy.

Им вообще не следовало (не нужно было) жениться.

Не shouldn’t have taken the corner at such speed.

Ему не следовало поворачивать за угол на такой скорости.

2. Advice, desirability. This meaning is more common with ought to than with should.

You should stay in bed.

Вам нужно (следует) лежать в постели.

I think you should read this book.

Думаю, что тебе следует (стоит) прочесть эту книгу.

You should consult a doctor.

Показался бы ты врачу. (Тебе следует показаться врачу.)

As is seen from the above examples, it is sometimes difficult to discriminate between the first and the second meaning.

3. Probability, something naturally expected (only with reference to the present or future).

The effect of the tax should be felt in high prices (will probably be felt).

We needn’t get ready yet. The guests shouldn’t come for another hour.

Гости вряд ли придут раньше, чем через час.