Название: Английский для юристов

Жанр: Филология

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Unit 16

Фонетика: sounds [¶], [S], [s]

Словообразование: сложные прилагательные типа nation-wide

Грамматика: бессоюзные придаточные предложения; атрибутивные группы

Текст: «Steve asks questions»

16.1. Sound right

16.1.1. Listen, look, say:

cheek      future                     watch                     reached

chamber                 culture                    fetch                       lunched

child       nature                     lunch                      fetched

choice                    orchard  catch      watch chain

chill         lecture                    ditch                       Dutch cheese

chubby                  mixture   much                      catch Charles

16.1.2. Listen, look, say:

1. Which is which?

2. Don't catch a chill.

3. Such carpenters, such chips.

4. Not much of a catch.

5. Here are two pictures which are a match.

6. Charlie doesn't know chalk from cheese.

7. Venture a small fish to catch a great one.

8. Chattie's wisdom matches her charms.

9. Hatches, catches, matches and dispatches.

10. The years teach much which the days never know.

16.1.3. Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the difference between the sounds [S] as in shop, [s] as inseem, [¶] as in chop.

I

A. The Chairman shouted at Miss Chase.

В. Shouted at Miss Chase! Oh, a      Chairman shouldn't shout, should he?

A. No, he shouldn't.

B. Not even at Miss Chase.

II

A. Will you watch Sheila for me while I finish shopping? I must fetch some fish and some cheese and — oh, yes —1 must ask the butcher for some nice chops. Watch her, won't you?

B. She seems to need a wash. Shall I wash her?

A. I wish you would.

B. If I can catch her! Sheila! Come for a nice wash, Sheila! Sheila! Oh! Ouch! She scratched me!

A. Sheila! I'm ashamed of you, Sheila!

B. Oh, it's only a small scratch.

A. Are you sure?

B. Fortunately, she's only a small cheetah.

16.2. Word-building

(Compound adjectives)

16.2.1. Translate the following compound adjectives:

a paper-white face, a sky-blue car, apple-red cheeks, steel-grey eyes, life-long history, rustproof metal, silk-soft hair, knee-high boots.

16.2.2. Make compound adjectives according to the following word combinations. Translate them: hair that is as brown as honey; water as cold as stone; man as deaf as stone; a vest that is proof against bullets; wood as hard as iron; a confe rence that continues through a week (long); a son who is one year old.

16.2.3.     Translate the following sentences:

                1. The sun was blood-red behind the thin trees some distance off. 2. The scooter was secured by a thief-proof device. 3. His face whisky-red, was handsome. 4. Her eyes were soft, cat-green. 5. Crime in Detroit had arisen alarmingly in recent years and now even suburban Birmingham — once considered crime-free — had armed            robberies.

16.3. Full understanding

16.3.1.     Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

nationality, administrative [{d'mInIstr@tIv], minister, social, cultural, plan, protection, moment, instance, Procurator-General, ministry, agency.

16.3.2.     Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запоминайте:

                New words:

to do one's best — делать все возможное    

to join — присоединяться                

body — (зд.) орган            

chamber ['SteImb@] — палата          

term — срок

executive [Ig'zekjutIv] — исполнительный

development — развитие

to draft [dr¸ft] — проектировать

will you be so kind — не будете ли вы так добры ...?

to administer justice — отправлять правосудие

supervision ['sjüp@vIZ@n] — надзор

to supervise ['sjüp@vaIz] — осуществлять

надзор to pay attention — обращать внимание

to forget — забывать

School vocabulary:

certainly, to help, soon, year, young, to enjoy, low.

* 16.3.3. Прочитайте и переведите:

Steve asks questions

«Do you remember about your yesterday's promise to answer my questions?» asked Steve next evening. «Certainly, we do. And we'll try to do our best», was Pete's answer. «Nell will join us soon». «So I'd like to learn something about the highest body of state authority of this country». «Oh, I'm sure I can help you in this. You see, the President of the Russian Federation is the head of the state. The Parliament of the Russian Federation is the representative and legislative organ of the state consisting of two chambers: the Federation Council and the State Duma. Both of them are elected for a term of 4 years». «And what about the executive body?» «Well, the highest executive and administrative body of state authority of Russia is the Government of Russia». «I wonder, if it has real powers?» «Surely, it has. The powers the Government has are rather numerous. Let me mention some of them: direction of economic, social and cultural development, drafting current and longterm state plans for the economic and social development of the country, public order maintenance, citizens' rights and freedoms protection and so on».

At this moment Nell's appeared. «Hello! I'm sorry I'm late. But really it's not my fault». «That is the thing the girls of all countries say when they are late», Steve said, smiling. «Oh, I'm sure Pete's managed to answer all your questions». «Yes, he did. But I've got some for you as well. Will you be so kind to tell me how justice is administered in Russia?» «By the courts of different instances, of course. The Supreme Court is the highest and district (city) people's courts are the lowest in the judicial system». «I've heard there's a special body for supervision of the observance of the law in your country. Is it really so?» «Yes, it is. The Procurator-General the Federation Council of Russia appoints for a term of 5 years is to supervise over the strict observance of laws by all ministers as well as by officials and citizens of Russia. The agencies of the Procurator's office perform their functions independently of any local bodies». «Well, thank you very much, my young friends, for the great attention you paid on me. I really enjoyed my stay in your beautiful city. And I hope we'll keep in touch». «So do we. Have a good journey and don't forget to write to us. Good-bye!»

16.3.4. Найдите в тексте все бессоюзные определительные придаточные предложения и переведите их.

16.3.5. Автор подготовил несколько бессоюзных предложений, но перепутал их части. Помогите ему, пожалуйста.

1. The man             a) we read yesterday           * is very important

2. The article         b) the commission                ** refused to act

3. The decision     c) you see here                     *** is my uncle

4. Discussing        d) you spoke about             **** describes the

the plan                                                                  judicial system     

of Russia

5. The executi-      e) he came to                         ***** was stolen

   ve committee                                                      by the defendant

6. Almost eve-      f) they applied to                  ****** we found

    rything                                                                               many drawbacks

in it

16.3.6. Перед вами еще одно письмо агента боссу. Как обычно, оно засекречено. На этот раз в нем нет никаких предлогов и заглавных букв. Попытайтесь прочитать и перевести его.

dear sir the plan you have sent to me can not be fulfilled everything i see around doesn't correspond to what i learnt at home the people i meet are not like you told me about the scheme your specialists drafted is of no good the person i had to apply to appeared to be a nice girl i fell in love with the flat she lives in is very nice and soon we'll get married i'm sorry not to fulfil your task hope not to see you again yours j.

16.3.7. Какая группа сможет составить больше бессоюзных придаточных определительных предложений за 5 мин?

16.3.8. Внимание! Особо трудное предложение! Постарайтесь перевести его.

Labour we delight in physics pain.

16.3.9. Прочитайте и переведите, обращая внимание на бессоюзные придаточные предложения.

1. The Monster

In 1870 Mark Twain was walking along the streets of Boston when he noticed in a shop window a machine he had never seen before. He entered the shop, asked the shop-assistant how the «monster» functioned and bought it for 125 dollars. He brought home the machine he had nicknamed «the monster» and started practising on it at once. The machine was a typewriter and Mark Twain typed a whole book on it. When he brought his «manuscript» to the editor, the latter was delighted. He made Mark Twain promise him to bring everything he would write later on typed on this wonderful machine. «Tom Sawyer» was the first book Mark Twain had typewritten.

2. Over again

Three old friends used to have their Sunday dinner together. Just after one of these dinners one of them fell asleep. When he woke up his friends rebuked him for the lack of politeness he had shown. The man tried to prove that he hadn't been sleeping. «Will you believe me», he said at last, «if I retell the story you have been telling?» «Try it», said his friends, «but if you miss a single word, we shall fine you». The man started the story and told it word for word without missing a single detail. Now his friends had to admit their mistake. «Well», said the man laughing. «Now I can confess the crime I had committed, for I was asleep and didn't hear a word you said. I simply knew by heart the story you were sure to tell after such a heavy dinner with plenty of good wine».

* 16.3.10. Скажите по-английски. (Не употребляйте союзов.)

1. Человек, на которого вы обратили внимание, известный адвокат. 2. Министр, о котором говорил генеральный прокурор, находится сейчас здесь. 3. Ребенок, которому вы уделяли так много внимания, сейчас совсем забыл вас. 4. Не моя вина, что вы пришли так поздно. 5. Вы уверены, что решение, которое вы приняли, наилучшее? 6. Местные власти, к которым мы обратились, не смогли помочь вам. 7. Новый исполнительный орган, в который вы должны обратиться, наверняка поможет вам. 8. Правосудие, которое осуществляют судебные органы, строгое, но справедливое. 9. Это книга, от чтения которой я получил настоящее наслаждение (enjoyed). 10. Путешествие, которое он совершил, действительно необычное.

16.3.11. Петр говорит, что он без всякого труда может перевести любую именную группу. А вы можете?

the Russia's policy objectives; the well-thought-out nationalities policy; US army race supporters; our country's number one trade partner; Railway station waiting-room murder inquiry.

16.3.12. Попытайтесь вставить недостающие слова. От них остались лишь первые буквы. Используйте новые слова к данному уроку.

1 The justice is a. ..by the courts of different i...

2. Both of c... are equal in r....

3. The Government is the highest e... and administrative b... of state a... of Russia.

4. Among the powers of the Government there are d... of state plans, public order m..., citizen's rights and freedoms p...

5. Procurator's office is a special body for a... of the o... of law.

16.3.13. Петр старался объяснить Нелли значение некоторых слов по-английски и ему это удалось: она все поняла. Можете ли вы догадаться, какие слова имел в виду Петр, когда давал следующие объяснения?

1. group of persons who do smth. together or who are united in some way;

2. power or right to give orders and make others obey;

3. set of rooms in a large building to use as offices;

4. having authority to carry out decisions, laws, decrees, etc.;

5. to outline smth. to be done;

6. the law and its administration;

7. to watch and direct (work, organization);

8. to get pleasure from; to have as an advantage or benefit;

9. settlement of a question;

10. fixed or limited period of time.

16.3.14. Когда Стив вернулся домой, он попытался рассказать своим коллегам о государственном устройстве России. Ему это удалось, но он все же сделал несколько ошибок. Найдите эти ошибки в его рассказе!

The highest body of state authority of Russia is the Parliament of Russia. It consists of two chambers which are equal and elected for a term of 6 years. The highest executive body of state authority is the Parliament of Russia. The justice is administered by the courts of different instances. The Procurator's office is the highest court and the district people's courts are the lowest ones. The agencies of the Procurator's office perform their functions independently of any local bodies.

16.3.15. Скажите по-английски:

1. Я сделаю все, что могу, чтобы помочь тебе забыть этот случай. 2. Присоединяйтесь к нам и мы составим план на каникулы. 3. Не будете ли вы так добры сказать, как пройти в министерство? 4. Суд низшей инстанции пользуется правом разбирать большинство дел. 5. Генеральный прокурор назначается на срок 5 лет. 6. Вы должны обратить внимание на развитие культурной программы. 7. Защита прав и свобод граждан — одна из важных функций правительства. 8. Прокуратура осуществляет надзор над всеми судебными органами. 9. Строгое соблюдение законов является необходимым условием деятельности судов всех инстанций.

* 16.3.16. Предположим, что вы — Стив. Вы задаете вопросы о государственном устройстве России. Ваши партнеры — Петр и Нелли.

* 16.3.17. Предположим, что вам нужно сделать доклад на конференции о государственном устройстве России. Подготовьте план. Вы можете им пользоваться во время доклада.

16.4. Practice in communication

(Contradiction / Denial)

* 16.4.1. Read and try to remember:

A. You said (that) you liked tennis.

B. 1. I never said that/anything of the sort.

2. That's not right.

3. I'm sorry, but I don't think I did (polite).

4. With respect, that's not what I      said (formal).

5. I deny having said that.

6. I don't remember saying that.

7. Did I really say that?

16.4.2. Someone tells you that you said:

1. a woman's place was in the home;

2. girls were easier to bring up than boys;

3. travelling was dull;

4. English was an easy language to learn;

5. you were going to get married.

16.4.3. Read the dialogue and then dramatize it.

BARRISTER: You told the Court that you were a friend of the defendant's.

WITNESS:    I'm sorry, that's not exactly what I said.

BARRISTER: What exactly did you say, then?

WITNESS:    I said we'd been neighbours for many years.

BARRISTER: But you said you knew him very well.

WITNESS:    With respect, that's not quite right. I said I knew him well by sight.

16.4.4. A friend tells you that you said you would stop doing something. Contradict/deny everything he/she says.

Model: A. But you said you'd stop smoking.

B. ...

16.5. General understanding

16.5.1. Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 16)

1. Masters told Coke that Hugo owned a large garage in the North of London. Cars that had been damaged were taken there to be repaired. It was also where the secret documents Hugo sold were kept before they were micro-filmed and sent abroad.

They got into Masters' white Jaguar and drove there. Coke sat in front with Masters. Kate sat behind. It was almost evening when they got to the garage. It was at the end of the street and was surrounded by shops and small houses. They parked at the end of the street. People were beginning to close their shops and go home. The garage stood open until six. Coke sat and watched the lights go off. When the last one had been turned off and the garage was completely dark, Coke turned to Masters again.

«Now tell me exactly where the documents are kept before they're sent off», he said.

2. At first Masters didn't answer. He had become a little braver again. Coke pressed the pistol into his stomach. «Because of you, I've been kept in prison for four years. Because of you, my life has been ruined. I'll kill you here and now if you don't answer! ». Masters looked at the pistol and went pale. «They're kept in Hugo's office, in an ordinary file in his desk», he answered. «And the microfilms?» Coke demanded. «They're kept there, too». «Do you know if any documents have been sent off recently?» «Some were sent last week. I know. I sent them myself», Masters said. «And will there be any there now, waiting to be sent off?» Again Masters hesitated. Coke pressed the pistol even harder into his stomach. «I don't know. There might be. Hugo told me he was going to give me some soon», he said.

3. Coke gave Kate the pistol. She was still sitting behind Masters. «Keep him here until I get back», he said. «But what are you going to do?» she asked. «Break into the garage if I can. Perhaps I can find proof that Hugo sells these things. If I do, I'll phone the police». «But what if you don't? What if you are seen and caught before you can find anything at all?» Kate asked. But Coke had already started walking towards the dark garage. In the dark winter evening, it looked very much like a prison.

16.5.2. Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. The garage was...

a) in the middle of the street with no houses around;

b) at the end of the street with many cars around;

c) at the end of the street with shops and small houses around.

2. Masters said that...

a) there were no secret documents in the garage;

b) there might be some secret documents in the garage;

c) all the documents had been sent away.

3. Coke wanted to break into the garage...

a) to find proof that Hugo was a spy;

b) to find Hugo;

с) to find proof that Masters was a spy.

16.5.3. Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. What did Masters tell about the garage in the North of London?

2. Till what time was Coke waiting?

3. Where were the documents kept?

4. What for did Coke want to break into the garage?

16.5.4. Give a short summary of the text (4-6 sentences).

16.6. Scanning practice

16.6.1.   Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. How did the criminals manage to hijack the helicopter?

2. Who were the hijackers?

3. How did the prisoners escape?

16.6.2. Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

Helicopter plucks two from jail

Rome. Two gunmen yesterday hijacked a Red Cross helicopter, lifted two inmates from a Rome prison courtyard and flew off in a hail of automatic gunfire. A third prisoner ran to the helicopter, but slipped in the rain.

After taking off from the prison, the helicopter landed in a Rome football field where a match was underway, and the hijackers and escapees fled by car.

Officials said the two hijackers spoke French and that one of the escapees, a Tunisian-born Frenchman, was sought by French authorities for a Paris bank robbery and murder. The other one was suspected of supplying arms to Italian terrorists.

Police said the hijackers walked into San Camilo Hospital in Western Rome and cornered the helicopter pilot, Mr. Mauro Pompa, aged 42. They handcuffed the pilot's 10-year-old son to a radiator and forced Mr. Pompa at gunpoint to take them to the helicopter, parked across the street.

The white helicopter with red crosses painted on each side then flew across the city to Rebibbia prison in eastern Rome. There, it hovered a yard above the courtyards where about 50 inmates were exercising, deputy warden, Mr. Giancarlo Baldassini, said. As the hijackers fired automatic weapons for cover and lowered a rope ladder, two inmates dashed to the helicopter and jumped in. A guard at Rebibbia prison was slightly injured by flying glass during the gun battle.

Two shots fired by a guard hit the helicopter.

(340 words) (from«The Guardian»)

16.6.3. Answer the questions in 16.6.1. (Books closed.)

16.7. Listening practice

16.7.1. Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. Why does he have to get up at 7 o'clock?

2. When is he happy?

3. Where did his grandfather work?

4. How much did he work?

5. What did he have to do at war?

6. Why did he have to go to the hospital?

7. Why isn't he happy now?

16.7.2. Listen to the dialogue.

16.7.3. Answer the questions in 16.7.1.

16.7.4. Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand, the text.

ancestor — предок

frustrating — (зд.) неприятный

retire — уйти на пенсию

16.7.5. Listen to the story. Be ready to give the contents of it.

16.7.6. Tell the contents of the story as close to the text as possible.

16.8. Time for fun

16.8.1. Read and translate the following jokes:

1. PRISONER: Judge, I don't know what to do.

JUDGE: Why, how's that?

PRISONER: I swore to tell the truth, but every time I try some lawyer objects.

2. «You are lying so clumsily», said the judge to the defendant, «that I would advise you to get a lawyer».

3. The defence lawyer was cross-examining a witness. He asked, «And you say you called on Mrs. Jones, May second. Now will you tell the jury what she said?» «I object to the question», interrupted the prosecutor. There was nearly an hour's argument between the counsels and finally the judge allowed the question. «And as I was saying», the defence lawyer began again, «on May second you called on Mrs. Jones. Now what did she say?» «Nothing», replied the witness. «She was not at home».

!!! 16.8.2. Can you complete the following sentences with the correct question tag? The first six are simple, the second six more difficult.

1. Acorns grow on oak trees, ...?

2. You don't mind if I watch television, ...?

3. Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet, ...?

4. You will be home early to-night,...?

5. I haven't much time to catch the train, ...?

6. I always meet you in the park, ...?

7. Let's all go to the zoo after lunch, ...?

8. You'd like cream in your coffee, ...?

9. Pass me the butter and the marmalade, ...?

10. I'm more relaxed since I took up yoga, ...?

11. You'd better be careful with that sharp knife, ...?

12. You and I both enjoy ballet, ...?

!!! * 16.8.3. Crossword puzzles are popular in Britain and are found in nearly all newspapers. The main theme of this one is animals. Some of the clues are not straight forward (they are marked), so think twice about them.

CLUES ACROSS:

1. Keen-eyed bird of prey (5). 3. This kind is human (3)* 5. Queen of beasts? (7)*. 7. Kittens grow into these (4). 8. Built in spring to hold eggs (4). 10. Dogs wag their tails when they are this (7) 12. A silly person or a long-eared member of the horse family (3) 13. The plural of this is mice (5).

DOWN:

1. Fish that is proverbially   slippery (3)*

2. Nothing lives for this (4)*. 3. Shellfish that sound like parts of our bodies that give us strength (7)*. 4. The time for nocturnal animals (5). 6. This sea creature is all arms (7). 7. You might not consider him charming, but this snake is often charmed (5). 9. A microscopic trouble-maker (4)* 11. Female deer or rabbit (3).